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Project Director

Alex Worsnip

Alex Worsnip

Alex is a Professor of Philosophy and the Director of the Applied Epistemology Project. He has published numerous journal articles across a range of topics in epistemology, ethics, and the theory of rationality, as well as Fitting Things Together: Coherence and the Demands of Structural Rationality (OUP, 2021).

Over the last several years, Alex has been increasingly turning his attention toward applied epistemology, and has published articles on the epistemology of media consumption, climate change skepticism, political disagreement, and suspiciously convenient beliefs, among other topics. With several other AEP Fellows, he is also currently pursuing an interdisciplinary project on the philosophy and psychology of deference to experts. He regularly teaches a course in applied epistemology for undergraduates with no prior philosophical background, and he is also currently working on turning the lectures from this course into a textbook, provisionally entitled Seeking Truth in an Age of Distortion: An Applied Introduction to Epistemology.

Postdoctoral Fellow

Will Conner

Will Conner

Will is the Postdoctoral Fellow for the Applied Epistemology Project and a Teaching Assistant Professor in the Philosophy, Politics, and Economics program in the Philosophy Department at UNC. His research interests include the epistemology of testimony and trust, the epistemology of perception — especially biased perceptual experiences — moral epistemology, and applications of epistemological theories, tools, and concepts to debates about prejudice, misinformation, science denial, and conspiracy theories.

Faculty Fellows

William (Zev) Berger

William (Zev) Berger

Zev is a Teaching Assistant Professor with the Philosophy, Politics, and Economics program in the Philosophy department at UNC. His research works at the intersection of political psychology and political epistemology. Using computational and empirical models his research looks to how experimental data can contribute to our understanding of concepts like trust, polarization, and inequality.

Luc Bovens

Luc Bovens

Luc is a Professor of Philosophy and a core faculty member in the Philosophy, Politics, and Economics program. He is the author of Bayesian Epistemology, OUP, 2003 (with Stephan Hartmann), and Coping: A Philosophical Guide, OpenBooks, 2021. His interests are in rationality, voting theory, philosophy of economics, moral psychology, and philosophy and public policy. Luc is currently working on polarization in US politics. He also manages a website on Teaching Ethics with Short Stories.

Sam Fullhart

Sam Fullhart

Sam is a Teaching Assistant Professor with the Philosophy, Politics, and Economics program in the Philosophy department at UNC. He works primarily in ethics, the philosophy of action, and the theory of rationality. He is currently interested in the extent to which individuals and institutions can have knowledge of the background circumstances and possible consequences of their actions, so as to exercise morally responsible agency. He is particularly interested in how markets, universities, and other institutions can make morally responsible agency more (or less) attainable.

Kurt Gray

Kurt Gray

Kurt is a Professor in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, where he directs the Deepest Beliefs Lab and the Center for the Science of Moral Understanding. He studies morality, religion, robots and society, and how best to bridge political divides.

Jeff Greene

Jeff Greene

Jeff is the McMichael Distinguished Professor of Educational Psychology and Learning Sciences in the School of Education. In his scholarship, he focuses upon how people learn with digital resources and how to help them become better critical consumers and producers of knowledge. This scholarship includes a focus on epistemic cognition, an area of applied epistemology spanning psychology, philosophy, and education. He is co-editor of the Handbook of Epistemic Cognition, published by Routledge. He is a Fellow of the American Psychological Association, Division 15 and the American Educational Research Association.

Matt Kotzen

Matt Kotzen

Matt is a Professor and the Chair of the Department of Philosophy. His research is primarily on issues in epistemology, the philosophy of science, and the law of evidence. He also has research interests in related areas of decision theory, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of language.

Shannon McGregor

Shannon McGregor

Shannon is an Associate Professor in the Hussman School of Journalism and Media and a principal investigator at the Center for Information, Technology, and Public Life – both at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. She holds appointments also with UNC’s Department of Political Science and the School of Information and Library Science. Her research focuses on the role of media and social media in political processes, with a focus on the interplay of three groups essential to a functioning democracy: politicians, journalists, and the public. Shannon’s interdisciplinary and mixed-method research has been published across fields including top journals in communication, political science, and sociology, and she is co-editor of Media and January 6th, published in 2024 by Oxford University Press. She writes often for the public press, and her work appears in outlets such as The Washington Post, Wired, and The Guardian.

Ram Neta

Ram Neta

Ram is a Professor of Philosophy. He has published on a wide variety of topics in epistemology. He is currently investigating the relation between de se representation and the norms of rationality. One application of this research concerns the conditions of the possibility of an artificial intelligence that could do more than merely simulate rational behavior, but could be responsive to the norms of rationality.

Tim Ryan

Tim Ryan

Tim is a Professor in the Department of Political Science. He studies how aspects of human psychology interact with the American political system, with consequences for the spread of information, comity among everyday citizens, and democratic health more generally. His dissertation, which won the 2015 American Political Science Association award for Best Dissertation in Political Psychology, examines citizens' intuitions about morality. He documents that liberals and conservatives "moralize" politics to a nearly equal degree, though they moralize different issues.

Tim's research also shows that moral psychology leads citizens to oppose political compromises, punish compromising politicians, and proffer divisive political arguments, suggesting it is partly responsible for the rise in political polarization. His in-progress research projects examine the antecedents and consequences of implicit attitudes, gut feelings, about political candidates, as well as the role of citizens' capacity to develop expertise about specific issues that directly affect their lives.

Shanna Slank

Shanna Slank

Shanna is a Visting Assistant Teaching Professor in the Philosophy Department at Chapel Hill, as well as a Research Fellow with the Kenan Institute for Ethics at Duke University. She is an ethicist. Currently, Shanna is interested in what sorts of attitudes we should have towards others whose beliefs we regard as immoral and how living in a liberal democracy informs this question.

Sarah Stroud

Sarah Stroud

Sarah is a Professor of Philosophy and Director of the Parr Center for Ethics. She works mainly but not exclusively in ethics, with a particular interest in questions at the intersection of ethics and epistemology. Sarah has written on partiality in belief; self-control in belief; lying; disagreement; and irrationality, among other topics. She and colleague Daniel Muñoz are the co-authors of Ethical Theory: 50 Puzzles, Paradoxes, and Thought Experiments, to appear in August 2024 with Routledge. She also co-edited Weakness of Will and Practical Irrationality (OUP, 2003) and The International Encyclopedia of Ethics (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013).

Graduate Fellows

Aditi Ahuja

Aditi Ahuja

Aditi is a first-year doctoral student at the School of Education. Before coming to UNC, she received a BA in Social Sciences and an MA in Elementary Education from the Tata Institute of Social Sciences, India. Her interests include epistemic cognition and social epistemology.

Kendall Baker

Kendall Baker

Kendall is a first-year Ph.D. student in Philosophy with interests in ethics, political philosophy, epistemology and PPE. She received a B.A. in Philosophy and Political Science as well as a Master of Public Administration from the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Before coming to UNC Kendall spent four seasons dancing professionally with Alabama Ballet.

Kyle Cessna

Kyle Cessna

Kyle is a third-year Ph.D. student in Philosophy. Before coming to UNC, he received a BA in Philosophy at UC Berkeley. His primary research interests are in epistemology and the theory of normativity. Recently he’s been thinking about when it’s rational to change your political beliefs in light of peer disagreement, and what kinds of reasons there are for peer disagreement in the first place.

Yan Chen

Yan Chen

Yan is a fourth-year Ph.D. student in Philosophy with interests in epistemology and the philosophy of science. Before joining UNC, she received a BA in philosophy, politics, and economics from Renmin University of China, and an MA in philosophy from Simon Fraser University. She is interested in exploring our epistemic responsibilities under various non-ideal constraints. Recently, she has been thinking about how workings of scientific communities bear on questions in epistemology.

Ian Cho

Ian Cho

Ian is a second-year PhD student in Philosophy. Before coming to UNC, he earned a BA in Philosophy from the University of Pittsburgh and an MAR in Philosophy of Religion from Yale. His interests include moral epistemology and the epistemology of religious commitments.

Eric Choi

Eric Choi

Eric is a second-year Ph.D. student in Philosophy. Before coming to UNC, he received a BA in computer science and philosophy from Brown University. His primary research interests include moral philosophy, epistemology, and broadly speaking, normativity.

Ava Geenen

Ava Geenen

Ava is a third-year Ph.D. student in Philosophy. Before joining UNC, she received a BA in Philosophy from the University of Chicago. She’s generally interested in the intersection of ethics and epistemology. Recently, she’s been thinking about the place of epistemic humility in the face of propaganda, online radicalization and political polarization.

Devin Lane

Devin Lane

Devin is a fifth-year Ph.D. student in Philosophy. Prior to coming to UNC, he competed a BA in Philosophy at Northeastern University and an MA in Philosophy at Northern Illinois University. His research interests lie primarily in epistemology. His work is presently focused on the rationality of deferring to the experts. His dissertation on the topic aims to defend the following pair of views: (1) that we ought not defer to individual experts, but (2) that we ought to defer uncritically, in a certain sense of the term, to expert consensus. He is also currently serving as the Research Assistant for the AEP's interdisciplinary research project on the psychology and philosophy of deference to experts.

Tabitha Mascobetto

Tabitha Mascobetto

Tabitha is a first-year Ph.D. student in philosophy. She has special interests in ethics, political philosophy, and epistemology. Before coming to UNC, she received her BA in Philosophy from Tulane University.

Genae Matthews

Genae Matthews

Genae is a fifth-year Ph.D. student in Philosophy with primary research interests in epistemology, social philosophy, and feminist philosophy (and their various intersections). They served as the 2023 Applied Epistemology Project Summer Research Assistant. Prior to coming to UNC, they earned their BA in Philosophy from Wellesley College. Genae's dissertation aims to interpret and vindicate the central theses of standpoint epistemology by appealing to considerations about higher-order evidence, among other things. They also have research interests in normativity (broadly construed to include issues in both meta-ethics and epistemology). When not philosophizing, they enjoy climbing rocks, cooking vegan food, and wrangling their cat.

Conner Schultz

Conner Schultz

Conner is a sixth-year Ph.D. student in Philosophy. His research interests are in epistemology, metaethics, and the ethics of belief, and his dissertation focuses on the role of deliberation in our normative lives. With respect to applied epistemology, Conner is developing a defense of what he terms “epistemic insurance policies” – that is, roughly, epistemic norms for agents who are unable to tell whether they’re in a good epistemic position, but which will insure them in case they are indeed in a bad epistemic position. These include, for instance, norms for when one can’t tell whether one is in an echo chamber, for when one can’t tell whether someone is their epistemic peer, and for when one can’t tell which experts are reliable. He is also interested in the epistemology of ideology (in the Marxist/critical sense of the term).

Dashiell Shulman

Dashiell Shulman

Dashiell is a second-year Ph.D. student in Philosophy. Before joining UNC, he received a B.A. in Philosophy from Amherst College and an M.A. in Philosophy from Northern Illinois University. His primary research interests are in philosophy of language, epistemology, metaphysics, and metaethics.

Ripley Stroud

Ripley Stroud

Ripley is a fifth-year Ph.D. student in Philosophy. She is currently serving as the AEP Research Assistant for Summer 2024. Originally from Washington, DC, she earned her BA in liberal arts and sciences from St. John's College, Annapolis, and her MA in philosophy from Brandeis University. She is interested in questions at the intersection of epistemology and ethics. Her dissertation aims to build an account of what it is that we owe to one another as knowers; specifically, what it is that we owe to those with whom we disagree.

Collaborators

Nathan Ballantyne

Nathan Ballantyne

Nathan is Associate Professor of Philosophy, Cognition, and Culture at Arizona State University. He has published on questions about good reasoning and epistemic humility, including Knowing Our Limits, a recent book from Oxford University Press. Some of Ballantyne’s public writing has appeared in the New York Times, Forbes, and Scientific American. He is an Executive Editor of the Canadian Journal of Philosophy. He collaborated with the AEP in co-organizing our second annual workshop, on the epistemology of science communication.

Alice Marwick

Alice Marwick

Alice is is the Director of Research at Data and Society and formerly Associate Professor in the Department of Communication and a Principal Researcher at the Center for Information, Technology and Public Life. She was an AEP Faculty Fellow from the beginning of the project up to her departure from UNC. She researches the social, political, and cultural implications of popular social media technologies, and is interested in the relationship between identity, disinformation, and epistemology. Her most recent book, The Private is Political (Yale 2023), examines how the networked nature of online privacy and visibility disproportionately impacts marginalized individuals in terms of gender, race, sexuality, and socio-economic status. She is also the author of Media Manipulation & Disinformation Online, (Data & Society 2017), Status Update: Celebrity, Publicity and Branding in the Social Media Age (Yale, 2013), and co-editor of The Sage Handbook of Social Media (2017).

Paula McAvoy

Paula McAvoy

Paula is an Associate Professor of Social Studies education at North Carolina State University. Her research focuses on empirical and philosophical questions related to the aims and practices of democratic education. She is the co-author with Diana Hess of The Political Classroom: Evidence and Ethics in Democratic Education (Routledge, 2015), which won the 2016 Outstanding Book of the Year from AERA and the 2017 Grawemeyer Award for Education. She has published articles in a number of journals such as Educational Theory, Theory and Research in Education, and Curriculum Inquiry. In addition to her scholarly work, she leads professional development workshops around the country aimed at helping teachers and university faculty engage students in discussions of controversial political issues. She is currently working with Lauren Gatti on a book project called Just Teacher: Taking the Ethical Long View in the Profession of Teaching (Teachers College Press). She has collaborated with the AEP on workshops for teachers that engage them in discussions of philosophical questions of classroom practices related to truth, knowledge, and neutrality.

Giulia Napolitano

Giulia Napolitano

Giulia is an Assistant Professor in the School of Philosophy at Erasmus University Rotterdam. During the 2022-23 academic year, she was a Postdoctoral Fellow in the Applied Epistemology Project. She is continuing to collaborate with us as a core team member for our two-year grant-funded research project on the philosophy and psychology of deference to experts. Her research interests lie primarily in social and applied epistemology, and its intersections with social philosophy of mind and language. Over the last few years, she has been working on the topic of conspiracy theories from the perspective of individual and collective epistemology. She is also interested in issues relating to online belief polarization, political propaganda, the epistemology of prejudice, resilient representations of social kinds, and the generic mode of representation.

Molly O'Rourke-Friel

Molly O'Rourke-Friel

Molly was a Visiting Fellow at the Applied Epistemology Project in 2023-24, and is an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Ursinus College. Her research is in social epistemology and ethics. Recent work engages with questions about group deliberation, echo chambers, epistemic blame, and radicalization. In her work, she considers how findings in cognitive science and social psychology should impact philosophical theorizing about epistemic normativity.

Michael Vazquez

Michael Vazquez

Michael is Teaching Assistant Professor and Director of Outreach in the Department of Philosophy and at the Parr Center for Ethics at UNC-Chapel Hill. He is also a lecturer in the Mid-Career Doctoral Program in Educational Leadership at the University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education. Michael has worked with the Applied Epistemology Project to host professional development programs for K-12 educators, especially those that allow educators to better navigate the conceptual and normative dimensions of their practice. Michael is also involved in a number of efforts to assess empirically the impact of pre-college and lifelong philosophy programming on the cultivation of key intellectual virtues such as humility and patience.